$goods = [
  1 => [
    'id' => 12,
    'price' => 77,
  ],
  2 => [
    'id' => 43,
    'price' => 855,
  ],
  4 => [
    'id' => 34,
    'price' => 1,
  ],
];

$goods_unique_ids_keys = array_keys(array_unique(array_column($goods, 'id')));
$goods_filter_datas = array_filter($goods, fn($key) => in_array($key, $goods_unique_ids_keys), ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY);